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Cybersecurity Terms You Need to Know
Cybersecurity can feel overwhelming if the terminology is unclear. This guide explains the essential terms you’ll encounter across threat reports, tools, compliance standards, and security conversations.
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A
A
Access Control
Access Control
Active Directory Security
Active Directory Security
Adversarial Machine Learning
Adversarial Machine Learning
Agentic AI Security
Agentic AI Security
AI Red Teaming
AI Red Teaming
API Gateway Security
API Gateway Security
API Security
API Security
Application Security
Application Security
Asset Inventory
Asset Inventory
Attack Surface
Attack Surface
Attack Surface Management
Attack Surface Management
Authentication
Authentication
Authorization
Authorization
B
B
Backdoor
Backdoor
Baseline Security
Baseline Security
Black Box Testing
Black Box Testing
Blue Teaming
Blue Teaming
Botnet
Botnet
Breach
Breach
Broken Access Control
Broken Access Control
Browser Exploit
Browser Exploit
Brute Force Attack
Brute Force Attack
Bug Bounty
Bug Bounty
Business Continuity Planning
Business Continuity Planning
Business Email Compromise
Business Email Compromise
C
C
Cloud Misconfiguration
Cloud Misconfiguration
Cloud Security
Cloud Security
CMMC
CMMC
Command Injection
Command Injection
Compliance
Compliance
Compliance Automation
Compliance Automation
Container Security
Container Security
Credential Harvesting
Credential Harvesting
Credential Stuffing
Credential Stuffing
Cryptography
Cryptography
CSPM
CSPM
CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)
CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery)
CTEM (Continuous Threat Exposure Management)
CTEM (Continuous Threat Exposure Management)
CVE
CVE
CVSS
CVSS
CWE
CWE
Cyber Hygiene
Cyber Hygiene
Cyber Risk Assessment
Cyber Risk Assessment
D
D
DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing)
DAST (Dynamic Application Security Testing)
Data Exfiltration
Data Exfiltration
Data Leakage
Data Leakage
Data Poisoning
Data Poisoning
DDoS Attack
DDoS Attack
Deepfake Attack
Deepfake Attack
Detection Engineering
Detection Engineering
DevSecOps
DevSecOps
Digital Forensics
Digital Forensics
Directory Traversal
Directory Traversal
Disaster Recovery
Disaster Recovery
DMARC
DMARC
E
E
EDR
EDR
Email Spoofing
Email Spoofing
Embedded Device Security
Embedded Device Security
Encryption
Encryption
Endpoint Security
Endpoint Security
Evasion Techniques
Evasion Techniques
Exploitation
Exploitation
Exposure
Exposure
F
F
Federated Identity
Federated Identity
FedRAMP
FedRAMP
File Integrity Monitoring
File Integrity Monitoring
Fileless Malware
Fileless Malware
Firewall
Firewall
Footprinting
Footprinting
Forensics Chain of Custody
Forensics Chain of Custody
Full Stack Assessment
Full Stack Assessment
Fuzz Testing
Fuzz Testing
G
G
Gap Assessment
Gap Assessment
Gateway Security
Gateway Security
GDPR
GDPR
Geofencing
Geofencing
Governance
Governance
Gray Box Testing
Gray Box Testing
Group Policy
Group Policy
H
H
Hacking Lifecycle
Hacking Lifecycle
Hardening
Hardening
Hashing
Hashing
Heuristics
Heuristics
HIPAA Security
HIPAA Security
Honeypot
Honeypot
HTTP Header Security
HTTP Header Security
Hybrid Cloud Security
Hybrid Cloud Security
I
I
IAST (Interactive Application Security Testing)
IAST (Interactive Application Security Testing)
ICS Security
ICS Security
Identity Access Management
Identity Access Management
IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference)
IDOR (Insecure Direct Object Reference)
Incident Response
Incident Response
Incident Response Plan
Incident Response Plan
Information Security
Information Security
Injection Attack
Injection Attack
Insecure Deserialization
Insecure Deserialization
Insider Threat
Insider Threat
IoT Security
IoT Security
IPS / IDS
IPS / IDS
ISO 27001
ISO 27001
J
J
Jailbreaking
Jailbreaking
Jamming Attack
Jamming Attack
Java Deserialization Attack
Java Deserialization Attack
JSON Injection
JSON Injection
Jupyter Exploit
Jupyter Exploit
JWT Security
JWT Security
K
K
Kerberoasting
Kerberoasting
Kerberos Authentication
Kerberos Authentication
Key Exchange
Key Exchange
Keylogger
Keylogger
Key Management
Key Management
Kill Chain
Kill Chain
Kubernetes Security
Kubernetes Security
L
L
Lateral Movement
Lateral Movement
LDAP Security
LDAP Security
Least Privilege
Least Privilege
Living Off the Land
Living Off the Land
LLM Security
LLM Security
Load Balancer Security
Load Balancer Security
Logic Flaws
Logic Flaws
Log Monitoring
Log Monitoring
M
M
Macro Malware
Macro Malware
Malware
Malware
Malware Analysis
Malware Analysis
Managed Security Services
Managed Security Services
Memory Corruption
Memory Corruption
MFA
MFA
Misconfiguration
Misconfiguration
MITM Attack
MITM Attack
MITRE ATT&CK
MITRE ATT&CK
Mobile App Security
Mobile App Security
Model Extraction Attack
Model Extraction Attack
N
N
NAC
NAC
NAT Security
NAT Security
Network Scanning
Network Scanning
Network Segmentation
Network Segmentation
NIST
NIST
Non-Repudiation
Non-Repudiation
Null Session
Null Session
O
O
OAuth Security
OAuth Security
Obfuscation
Obfuscation
Offline Attack
Offline Attack
Orchestration
Orchestration
OSINT
OSINT
Overprivileged Access
Overprivileged Access
OWASP Top 10
OWASP Top 10
P
P
Pass-the-Hash
Pass-the-Hash
Password Policy
Password Policy
Password Spraying
Password Spraying
Patch Management
Patch Management
PCI DSS
PCI DSS
Penetration Testing
Penetration Testing
Penetration Testing Report
Penetration Testing Report
Phishing
Phishing
Phishing Simulation
Phishing Simulation
Post-Quantum Cryptography
Post-Quantum Cryptography
Privilege Escalation
Privilege Escalation
Prompt Injection
Prompt Injection
Proxy Server
Proxy Server
PTaaS (Penetration Testing as a Service)
PTaaS (Penetration Testing as a Service)
Public Key Infrastructure
Public Key Infrastructure
Purple Teaming
Purple Teaming
Q
Q
QoE
QoE
QOS
QOS
Quantum Encryption
Quantum Encryption
Quarantine
Quarantine
Query Injection
Query Injection
Quick Scan
Quick Scan
R
R
RAG Security
RAG Security
Ransomware
Ransomware
Ransomware Prevention
Ransomware Prevention
Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance
Red Teaming
Red Teaming
Red Team vs Blue Team
Red Team vs Blue Team
Remote Code Execution
Remote Code Execution
Reverse Engineering
Reverse Engineering
Risk Assessment
Risk Assessment
Role-Based Access Control
Role-Based Access Control
Rules of Engagement
Rules of Engagement
Runtime Protection
Runtime Protection
S
S
SaaS Security
SaaS Security
SAST (Static Application Security Testing)
SAST (Static Application Security Testing)
SBOM (Software Bill of Materials)
SBOM (Software Bill of Materials)
SCADA Security
SCADA Security
SCA (Software Composition Analysis)
SCA (Software Composition Analysis)
Secure Code Review
Secure Code Review
Secure Coding
Secure Coding
Secure SDLC
Secure SDLC
Security Architecture Review
Security Architecture Review
Security Audit
Security Audit
Security Awareness Training
Security Awareness Training
Security Misconfiguration
Security Misconfiguration
Serverless Security
Serverless Security
Shadow IT
Shadow IT
SIEM
SIEM
SOC 2
SOC 2
Social Engineering
Social Engineering
Spear Phishing
Spear Phishing
SQL Injection
SQL Injection
SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery)
SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery)
Supply Chain Attack
Supply Chain Attack
T
T
Tabletop Exercise
Tabletop Exercise
Thick Client Security
Thick Client Security
Third-Party Risk Management
Third-Party Risk Management
Threat Hunting
Threat Hunting
Threat Intelligence
Threat Intelligence
Threat Modeling
Threat Modeling
Tokenization
Tokenization
Traffic Analysis
Traffic Analysis
Training
Training
Tunneling
Tunneling
Two-Factor Authentication
Two-Factor Authentication
U
U
Unauthorized Access
Unauthorized Access
Uptime Monitoring
Uptime Monitoring
URL Filtering
URL Filtering
USB Threats
USB Threats
User Behavior Analytics
User Behavior Analytics
User Enumeration
User Enumeration
V
V
Vibe Coding Security
Vibe Coding Security
Virtual CISO
Virtual CISO
Virus
Virus
Vishing
Vishing
VM Escape
VM Escape
VPN
VPN
Vulnerability
Vulnerability
Vulnerability Assessment
Vulnerability Assessment
Vulnerability Scanning
Vulnerability Scanning
W
W
WAF
WAF
Watering Hole Attack
Watering Hole Attack
Weak Cipher
Weak Cipher
Web Shell
Web Shell
White Box Testing
White Box Testing
Whitelisting
Whitelisting
Wireless Security
Wireless Security
Worm
Worm
X
X
X.509 Certificates
X.509 Certificates
XACML
XACML
XDR
XDR
X-Frame-Options
X-Frame-Options
XML Injection
XML Injection
XOR Encryption
XOR Encryption
XSS
XSS
Y
Y
YAML Security
YAML Security
YARA Rules
YARA Rules
Year 2038 Problem
Year 2038 Problem
Yellow Team
Yellow Team
Yielding Attack
Yielding Attack
YubiKey
YubiKey
Z
Z
Zero-Day Vulnerability
Zero-Day Vulnerability
Zero Trust
Zero Trust
Zip Bomb
Zip Bomb
Zombie Account
Zombie Account
Zone Transfer
Zone Transfer
Z-Shielding
Z-Shielding
ZTNA
ZTNA
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